Equality and Freedom in Educational Institutions: An Overview of Religious Tolerance in Indonesia
Keywords:
Educational Institutions, Equality, Freedom, John Locke, Religious ToleranceAbstract
The purpose of this study is to examine religious tolerance in educational institutions from the perspective of John Locke. The main question that guides this research is: how to create religious tolerance in educational institutions in Indonesia? Using an objective historical approach to John Locke's thoughts, the author will review the issue of equality and freedom of religion in Indonesian educational institutions. The main results of this study state that there are still several facts of intolerance in educational institutions in Indonesia. Moreover, political forces deliberately maintain intolerance in educational institutions for the continuity of political power. Politicians exploit social differences as a means of attaining political populism. Thus to avoid intolerance in educational institutions, there must be a strict separation between political power and religion. Religion must be encouraged in the private sphere. Likewise, with religious attributes that should be private, their interests are accommodated in an educational institution within the limits of respecting freedom and equality. Thus, any regional regulations in the form of uniformity according to certain religious symbols must be repositioned because it is not in the spirit of togetherness and diversity.
References
Bennett, Martyn. 2000. The Civil Wars Experienced Britain and Ireland, 1638–6. Routledge, London.
Bradstock, Andrew. 2011. Radical Religion in Cromwell’s England: A Concise History from the English Civil War to the End of the Commonwealth. I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, London.
Butler, Melissa A. 1978. Early Liberal Roots of Feminism: John Locke and the Attack on Patriarchy. The American Political Science Review 72: 135-150.
Crowley, John E. 1986. Inheritance and Generational Privilege in Locke's Two Treatises of Government. Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques 13:377-392.
Donagan, Barbara. 1994. Did Ministers Matter? War and Religion in England, 1642-1649. Journal of British Studies 33:119-156.
Dunn, John. The Political Thought of John Locke: An Historical Account of the Argument of the Two Treatises of Government. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Fink, Hans. 2019. Filsafat Sosial Dari Feodalisme Hingga Pasar Bebas Cetakan Ke IV. Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta.
Finlayson, James Gordon. 2005. Habermas, A Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Forster, Greg. 2005. John Locke’s Politics of Moral Consensus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Locke, John. 1693. Some Thoughts Concerning Education. J and R. Tonson, London.
Locke, John. 1980. Second Treatise of Government. Hackett Publishing Company, Cambridge.
Locke, John. 1989. Locke on Parental Power. Population and Development Review 15:749-757.
Locke, John. 1993. Political Writings Edited by David Wotton. New American Library, New York.
Locke, John. 1999. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding edited by Jim Manis. The Pennsylvania State University Press, United State of Amerika.
Locke, John. 2003. Two Treatises of Government and A Letter Concerning Toleration. Yale University Press, London.
Morrill, John. 1984. Stuart Britain: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Russell, Bertrand. 2020. Sejarah Filsafat Barat Edisi V. Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta.
Silalahi, U. P. C. 2022. Sejenak Memikirkan Seyyed Hossein Nasr. OSF Preprints.
Sudiarja, A. 2018. Bayang-Bayang Kebijaksaan Dan Kemanusiaan. Kompas, Jakarta.
Stuart, Matthew. 2016. A Companion to Locke. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, West Sussex, United Kingdom.
Tarcov, Nathan. 1984. Locke’s Education for Liberty. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Internet Source:
Afifa, Laila . 2021. Uniforms for Diversity. https://en.tempo.co/read/1439414/uniforms-for-diversity
Azra, Azyumardi. 2018. Perda Agama. https://www.kompas.id/baca/opini/2018/11/29/perda-agama/
Baraas, Ahmad and Ramadhan, Bilal. 2014. Komnas HAM: Pelarangan Jilbab Terjadi Hampir di Seluruh Bali. https://www.republika.co.id/berita/n1c9xr/komnas-ham-pelarangan-jilbab-terjadi-hampir-di-seluruh-bali
Dirgantoro, Ganet. 2021. Pengamat: Intoleransi Di Dunia Pendidikan Harus Segera Dihapuskan. https://banten.antaranews.com/berita/172310/pengamat-intoleransi-di-dunia-pendidikan-harus-segera-dihapuskan
Hamdi, Mujtaba. 2020. Laporan Tahunan Kemerdekaan Beragama/Berkeyakinan (KBB) Tahun 2019 di Indonesia. https://wahidfoundation.org/source/laporantahunan/Laporan_KBB_2019-eBook1.pdf
Hendardi. 2021. Laporan Kondisi Kebebasan Beragama/Berkeyakinan Di Indonesia Tahun 2020. https://setara-institute.org/category/area-riset/kebebasan-beragama/
Helliwell, John F., Layard, Richard., Jeffrey D., De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel, Aknin, Lara B., and Wang, Shun. World Happiness Report 2022. https://happiness-report.s3.amazonaws.com/2022/WHR+22.pdf
Ramdani. 2022. Pencegahan Intoleransi di Dunia Pendidikan Tanggung Jawab Semua Pihak.
Sanusi. 2014. Wamendikbud: Tidak Boleh Ada Larangan Menggunakan Jilbab di Sekolah. https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2014/01/09/wamendikbud-tidak-boleh-ada-larangan-menggunakan-jilbab-di-sekolah
Wargadiredja, Arzia Tivany. 2019. Kasus Sekolah Negeri 'Paksa' Pelajar Pakai Hijab Terdeteksi di 24 Provinsi Indonesia. https://www.vice.com/id/article/neayeg/kasus-sekolah-negeri-paksa-pelajar-pakai-hijab-terdeteksi-di-24-provinsi-indonesia
Law Source:
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights
UU No. 43 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 Tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian.
UU No. 22 tahun 1999 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah.
UU No. 20 tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional.
UU No. 39 tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia.
Peraturan pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 tahun 2005 tentang Standar Pendidikan Nasional.
Landasan kurikulum muatan lokal diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 79 Tahun 2014 Tentang Muatan Lokal Kurikulum 2013.
Instruksi Walikota No. 451.442/Binsos-III/2005 tentang Pelaksanaan Wirid Remaja Didkan Subuh Dan Anti Togel/ Narkoba Serta Berpakaian Muslim/ Muslimah Bagi Murid/ Siswa SD/ MI, SLTP/ MTS Dan SLTA/ SMK/ MA di Kota Padang.
Surat Keputusan Bupati No. 9 Tahun 2004 tentang Seragam Sekolah SD, SMP, SMU di Kabupaten Pandeglang.
Peraturan Daerah No. 22 Tahun 2003 tentang Berpakaian Muslim dan Muslimah Bagi Siswa, Mahasiswa dan Karyawan di Kabupaten Pasaman.
Surat Edaran Bupati Tahun 2001 tentang Wajib Busana Muslim dan Pandai Baca Al Quran untuk Siswa Sekolah di Kabupaten Indramayu.
Instruksi Bupati No. 4 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemakaian Busana Muslim bagi Siswa dan Mahasiswa di Kabupaten Sukabumi.
Surat Sekda Nomor 450/1019-psk perihal penyebaran Instruksi Bupati Sukabumi Nomor.04 Tahun 2004 perihal pemakaian busama muslim bagi siswa dan mahasiwa di Kabupaten Sukabumi.
Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Pasaman Barat Nomor 07 Tahun 2007 Tentang Berpakaian Muslim dan Muslimah Bagi Siswa dan Karyawan.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 U. P. Charles Silalahi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
