Environmental Impacts of Shrimp Farming and Benefit of Pond Intensification for Sustainable Aquaculture: A Review
Keywords:
Keywords: Aquaculture, mangroves, ponds, biofloc, probiotic, water, shrimp.Abstract
Abstract. The goal of sustainable aquaculture is to provide a continued supply farmed aquatic nutrients beneficial for human sustenance without harming existing ecosystems or exceeding the ability of the planet to renew the natural resources required for aquaculture production (Nevin, 2020). Shrimp is the single most valuable seafood product that enters world trade today. Some of these farms are built in mangrove areas. To accommodate for this high demand farmers, intensify their production, thus effecting the environment by surpassing the areas carrying capacity. Factory farming, has the potential to deplete soils, reduces genetic stock, degrades coastal ecosystems and local water quality. These problems are mainly associated with pondconstruction and operation (Bolanos, 1999). Shrimp aquaculture can be environmentally sustainable with the proper design, operation, management, and monitoring. The use of a closed or recirculating system for growing shrimp is the best method for protecting the environment. Water quality needs to also be checked for both semi-intensive and intensive systems for managing the health of the shrimp and preventing disease and viral outbreaks. PAS offer a potential advantage over other culture systems because waste nutrients can recycle back into a crop, greatly increasing feed-use efficiency. Waste nutrients in ponds are assimilated by endogenous microflora, thereby transforming waste into a potential food source (biofloc). BFT is reliable for the cost effective, environment friendly fish production. BFT is a preferable technique for facing economic, ecological, and social issues relevant to current aquaculture. The system has advantage in intensive farming practices. An important feature of this technology is ammonia wastes are consumed by bacteria for their growth that increases the microbial biomass yield as well as improves the water quality. Previous studies indicated that the addition of probiotics in the water or feed increases growth, immunity, reduces animals to expose pathogenic bacteria and stops the growth of harmful pathogens. There is rapidly growing literature on the application of probiotics which indicates that it is one of the important methods developed to control disease at the farm; therefore, the addition of probiotics is common practice in fish farming (Daniel and Nageswari, 2017).
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aquaculture ponds in the southeastern United States. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center Publication 470 Tucker CS, Brune DE, Torrans EL, 2014. Partitioned pond aquaculture systems. World Aquaculture Tucker CS, Hargreaves JA, 2012. Freshwater ponds. In J. Tidwell (Ed.), Aquaculture production methods Tucker CS, Pote JH, Wax CL, Brown,TW, 2017. Improving water-use efficiency for ictalurid catfish aquaculture in northwest Mississippi, USA. Aquaculture Research Tucker CS, Steeby JA, 1995. Daytime mechanical water circulation of channel catfish ponds Uddin MJ, Hossain MS, Fakhruddin ANM, 2013. Impacts of shrimp farming on the coastal environment of Bangladesh and approach for management Valenti WC, Kimpara JM, Preto BL, Moraes-Valenti P, 2018. Indicators of sustainability to assess aquaculture systems. Ecological Indicators Zhang P, Zhang X, Li J, Huang G, 2006. The effects of body weight, temperature,salinity, pH, light intensity and feeding condition on lethal DO levels of whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)
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Published
2021-02-28
How to Cite
Widiyanti, P. M. (2021). Environmental Impacts of Shrimp Farming and Benefit of Pond Intensification for Sustainable Aquaculture: A Review. Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering, 4, 282–295. Retrieved from http://sunankalijaga.org/prosiding/index.php/icse/article/view/672
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