Esterification of Gondorukem with Glycerol and Malic Anhydride Acid Using Hypophosphorous Acid Catalyzer

Abstract

Gondorukem as a non-wood product is widely used as an auxiliary material in the paper industry, as a plaster softener, as a mixture for eyeshadow, batik ink, soap, varnish, electrical equipment insulation and printing ink. Gondorukem is also used as an adhesive which functions as a tackifier, adhesion promoter or viscosity promoter to improve the properties of the final product. Gondorukem has unsaturated alkyl tricyclic organic acids derived from natural derivatives that can dissolve in organic solvents, consisting of 80-90% resin acids and around 10% neutral components. To overcome the influence of the tricyclic framework structure, the phenanthrene of the rosin and the high viscosity of the reaction mixture, the esterification of gondorukem carried out for a reaction time of 6 h at 270^oC with an acid catalyst. The esterification reaction was carried out in a three neck flask. The reaction temperatures used were 260^oC, 270^oC, and 280^oC, and the use of 1%, 3%, and 5% catalyst. Data obtained from the research results in the form of acid numbers based on temperature and catalyst percentage resulted in conversions of 86%, 92% and 94%.