Paper Opacity as a Key Parameter in the Design of Eco-Friendly Printed Packaging

Abstract

Paper opacity is one of the crucial optical factors that determines visual quality in printed products, particularly in the packaging industry. This study aims to analyze the role of paper opacity in maintaining information readability, graphic design clarity, and supporting the concept of environmentally friendly packaging. The research employed a mixed-method approach combining quantitative experiments and qualitative studies. In the experimental stage, three types of eco-friendly paper with grammages of 80 g/m², 100 g/m², and 120 g/m² were tested for their opacity levels using an Opacity Tester based on ISO 2471 standards. Furthermore, print test results of colors and texts were evaluated by a panel of graphic designers and consumers through perception surveys. The findings reveal that higher grammage paper demonstrated better opacity, but increasing grammage does not always align with the efficiency of eco-friendly material usage. The 100 g/m² paper provided the most optimal results, with an average opacity of 92%, text readability of 94%, and a satisfaction rate of 91% among panelists. From a sustainability perspective, this paper also proved more efficient compared to 120 g/m², as it reduces raw material consumption. Consumer perceptions indicated that packaging with higher opacity was considered more professional, easier to read, and reinforced the image of sustainable products. The study concludes that paper opacity plays a significant role in the design of eco-friendly printed packaging. Selecting paper with optimal opacity not only enhances visual quality and readability but also supports material efficiency and reduces environmental impact. These findings may serve as a reference for graphic designers, printing producers, and packaging industry stakeholders in determining material standards that balance print quality and environmental sustainability.