An Ethical Framework for Transformative Da’wah in Indonesia’s Multicultural Society: Re-reading QS. An-Nahl: 125 Based on Hamka’s Al-Azhar Exegesis

Abstract

This article offers a re-reading of QS. An-Nahl 125 through a thematic content analysis of Buya Hamka's Al-Azhar
Exegesis, focusing on its relevance for shaping da’wah ethics in Indonesia’s multicultural society. Employing a qualitative
research design with a textual study approach, this research deeply examines Hamka’s interpretation of three fundamental
da'wah principles—al-hikmah, al-mau’izhah al-hasanah, and al-mujadalah billati hiya ahsan —along with their implications for
developing an inclusive da'wah model in Indonesia. The findings demonstrate that Hamka’s humanist-contextual
interpretation provides a relevant ethical framework for da’wah that addresses the complexities of a plural society,
emphasizing the importance of an adaptive approach, empathetic communication, and constructive dialogue. Thus, this article
concludes that Buya Hamka’s Al-Azhar Exegesis not only offers a strong theological foundation but also presents a solution
oriented perspective for strengthening transformative da’wah capable of responding to the challenges of multicultural society
in Indonesia.